Chemical Reactions.

Combination Reactions:

What is a combination reaction:
A combination reaction is a general category of chemical reactions. It is the reaction between a metal and a non-metal reactant to produce an ionic solid.

EXAMPLE: 
An example of a combination would be Magnesium Oxide. Magnesium oxide is a combination of Magnesium metal and Oxygen to create a white ash like substance. Here is an example of The reaction.

Magnesium Oxide Reaction and explanation.

Decomposition Reaction:

Displacement Reactions:

In a displacement reaction...
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal.

Exchange Reactions:

An exchange reaction occurs between compounds that, when written as a molecular equation, appear to involve the exchange of parts between the two reactants. An exchange reaction will occur when ions in solution form insoluble products

Soluble= Disolves
Insoluble= Does Not Disolve

Disinfectant Investigation

Aim: I would like to investigate how different disinfectant concentrations can affect the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Hypothesis:

I hypothesise that the Stronger the concentration of dettol more bacteria will be killed.

Independent Variables:

The variable that I will be changing is the concentration of disinfectant.

This variable will be changed by adding different quantities of water to the disinfectant.

• Full strength Dettol (FS)

• Water (H2O)

• manufactured Recommended dettol (MR)

• Diluted Dettol (D)

Dependent Variables:

The variable that i will be measuring is the area of the clear zone around the dettol dish.

I will measure the diameter of the clear zone using a ruler.

Other Variables:

Growing temperature- We need to keep it the same temperature so bacteria grows

Growing medium- needs to be grown on the same medium

Growing time- needs to be grown for the same amount of time

Reliability:

I will repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure the results are reliable.

Equipment:

Dettol

Vivid

Filter Paper

Water

Cellotape

Agar plate

Hole Punch

Bacterial Solution

Dropper

Tweezers

Method:

1. Get the equipment.
2. Punch out 4 discs of filter paper using a hole punch.
3. Using the dropper transfer the bacterial solution onto the agar plate.
4. swirl.
5. Tip out any excess solution.
6. mark the agar plate by dividing it into quadrants using a vivid.
7. Label the 4 quadrants. (FS, MR, D, H2O)
8. Dip one of the discs in water then gently place it in the center of the quadrant labeled for water.
9. Dip The second small disc into full strength dettol then shake off any excess and gently place the disc in the center of the quadrant labeled for full strength dettol.
10. Wash the tweezers.
11. mix 1 cap full of dettol with 400 mls of water to create your next solution.
12. Dip the third disc in the solution you have just created then shake off any extra solution, then gently place the disc in the center of the quadrant labeled for Manufactured recommended.
13. wash the tweezers.
14. Add 400 mls of water to the solution you have.
15. Dip The final disc in the solution you have just made then shake off any extra solution, then gently place the disc in the center of the final quadrant that should be labeled Diluted.
16. On the edge of the agar plate print your name in vivid.
17. Place the lid on the plate and tape closed with cellotape.
18. Incubate the agar plate overnight.

Recorded Data:

mm	Plate 1	Plate 2	Plate 3	Plate 4	Average
Full Strength	25	35	40	0	34
Manufactured recommended	15	15	25	36	19
Diluted	15	5	15	36	12
Water	0	0	0	0	0

Plates 1,2 and 3 are plates that worked whereas plate 4 didn't and has some abnormalities.

Processed Data:

Strength	Average (mm)
100%	34
3.6%	19
1.8%	12
0%	0

Interpretation of Data:

The data shows an increasing trend.

Conclusion:

I conclude that the results of this experiment that the plates 1,2 and 3
successfully worked and had very similar results when compared.
The full strength dettol had an average of 34 mm diameter. The Manufactured Recommended had an average diameter of 19 mm. And finally, the Diluted dettol solution had an average diameter of 12 mm. Water had 0 mm diameter because there was nothing there to kill the bacteria. Some plates that I observed did have water killing bacteria and I can bring that down to the Chlorine in our water systems.

Plate 4 on the other hand had some different results regarding how much bacteria was killed. The full Strength dettol solution and the water had a diameter of 0 mm.
The Manufactured Recommended and the Diluted solutions both had a diameter of 36 mm.

Discussion:

What happened?

Bacteria was being killed.

What is bacteria?

Bacteria is a single cell organism that is neither a plant or animal.
They are usually a few micrometers in length meaning they can only be seen under a
microscope.

How was the bacteria being killed?

The bacteria was placed on an agar plate with dettol. The stronger the dettol solution the
more the bacteria was killed.

How was the dettol killing the bacteria?

Dettol has a chemical called chloroxylenol that gets into the bacteria cell and rips apart
the cell wall causing the whole cell to collapse.

How does Chloroxylenol get in?

It gets in through diffusion. Diffusion is the process of transporting nutrients from
outside the cell to the inside of the cell.

Evaluation:

The experiment went well because the bacteria grew as expected and there where
little to no anomalies. There was one plate that I found that was a bit odd where the water
was killing bacteria. I can bring this down to being the fact that the water is chlorinated and
is killing the bacteria that we have placed on the plate. Aside from that the experiment went
well and I was able to get three reliable results for each concentration of dettol.

I would improve my method by marking the agar plate before applying the bacterial

solution because it seems more logical and makes more sense to do it in that order.

Taking Action...

Throughout the last 2 weeks, we have been working on our PBL project and attempting to make a positive impact in our community. Our original plan was to go and visit the pediatric ward at Christchurch public hospital so we could read them Christmas stories and talk to them about their lives in and around the hospital. So on Tuesday the 21 of November, we bussed over to the hospital arriving at 10:10am. we then asked for directions to the pediatric ward (Wards 21 and 22) so we could read our stories. However, once we arrived in the ward and had been sitting down for hours the playroom manager told us that the nurse we talked to forgot to tell us about some of the steps we would need to take in order to see the children. This nurse then gave us a phone number we had to ring and the person on the other side would walk us through the missing steps.

Last week we attempted to call the number only to be sent straight to answerphone. We then called later in the week with Me being ignored, Amy getting hung up on and Mercedes being the lucky one and getting the information. The woman on the other side of the phone gave us her email address so she could walk us through what we had to do. She only told us that we needed to do police checks, CYPP training and fill out privacy policies papers.

We then talked to our teachers and other classmates to attempt to fix what problems we had come across. We ended up combining with another group who came across the same issues. We have come up with raising money for the Ronald Mcdonald house and make the kids dreamcatchers, Christmas card and gifting them soft toys.

This weekend on Saturday the 2nd of December 2017 Me and 6 others are running a car wash for the community to raise the money. There will also be 2 bins to donate stuff. One for any soft toys like Teddy Bears, and the other for canned food and other non-perishable items.

The Wish Makers Important Action Plans

Here are our action plans

Steps needed to achieve the goal.	What will help us achieve this goal?	Possible barriers and how to overcome.	Who is doing this step?	Date it will be done.
We need to leave school	We need to  get permission to leave the school from the teachers	The teachers might not trust us to leave school, we could vlog the trip as evidence to show we went	Amy	17th Nov
We need to Bus to the hospital	We need to top up our bus cards so we can use them	The bus may cost to much, We can use our bus cards. Run out of credit, top up our bus cards.	Amy, Hannah-mae	End of next week 24th Nov
We need to meet the kids.	Set up a date to meet up with the kids	We could get sick, do it at a later date or skype the kids	All of us	End of next week 24th Nov
Read christmas stories to the kids	Collect the books from around home	We might not have enough books, We can get some out from the library.	All of us	End of next week 24th Nov
Write wish list to Santa with the kids.	We need to buy decorated paper and envelopes	We could run out of supplies, We can buy more	All of us	End of next week 24th Nov
Fundraise	Set up a give a little page and organise some events	We may not be able to do all of the planned events, we can do less but plan them to be better than before.	All of us	1st Dec
Buy the present at the top of their list, within reason	Go shopping for the presents	Their request might be unreasonable, e.g they ask for an animal, we could compromise and get them an animal soft toy	Amy, Hannah-Mae?	5th Dec

Alternative to Red row

Give individualized gifts to each of the children	Make the necklaces and bracelets	The kids could have allergies to the materials, We could make them out of other material or we could give them something else such as a letter from us.	Amy Hannah-Mae?	5th Dec
Present the families with the money raised to go toward treatment.	Fundraise	We might not get as much money as we hoped, we can still give them as much as we can it will all help.	All of us	5th Dec